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Aerobic: With oxygen, or in the presence of oxygen.
Aerobic Exercise:
A method of conditioning the cardio respiratory system by performing an
activity that uses large muscle groups, is rhythmic, elevates the heart
rate for a period of time, and increases the intake of oxygen.
Anaerobic Exercise: Activity that requires no oxygen; usually short spurt, high-energy activities. |
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Calorie: The amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1° C. Also called a kilocalorie.
Carbohydrate:
Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; when broken
down, a major energy source for muscular work and one of the basic
foodstuffs.
Cardiac: Pertaining to the heart.
Carotid Pulse:
Pulse located on the carotid artery down from the corner of the eye,
just under the jawbone; common site used for taking heart rate.
Cool-Down:
Rhythmic, low-intensity aerobic activities that provide a transition
period between high-intensity aerobic work and less aerobically taxing
calisthenics, stretching or the end of the workout.
Cross-Training:
Engaging in a variety of physical activities and exercise modalities
including both cardiovascular and strength training exercises; a
training method that can be used to help minimize boredom, maintain
motivation and prevent overuse syndrome. |
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Fat:
Stored as adipose tissue in the body, it serves as a concentrated
source of energy for muscular work; a compound containing glycerol and
fatty acids.
Fatigue: A diminished capacity for work as a result of prolonged or excessive exertion or inadequate fuel.
Flexibility: The range of motion around a joint. |
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Intensity: Degree of resistance, energy or difficulty as related to a workout.
Interval Training:
Deliberately alternating between brief periods of lower and higher
intensity levels during a workout; a method used to maximize
cardiovascular endurance.
Isokinetic:
Contraction in which the tension developed by the muscle while
shortening at constant speed is consistent over the full range of
motion.
Isometric:
Contraction against an immovable force; static; a muscle contraction in
which the tension increases, but muscle length remains the same.
Isotonic:
Movement against a movable force; dynamic; a muscle contraction in
which the tension increases while the muscle length changes
(concentric: muscle shortens; eccentric: muscle lengthens). |
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Maximum Heart Rate:
Theoretical maximum heart rate that one can achieve during his or her
greatest effort in exercise, estimated to be 220 minus your age.
Metabolism: The sum total of the chemical reactions in the body at rest or during exercise.
MET:
The expression of the rate of work (power output) for the human body at
rest, or a metabolic equivalent. One MET is approximately equal to a
person's metabolism when seated and relaxed. |
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Perceived Exertion:
A self-selected subjective measurement of an exerciser's overall level
of intensity, usually described on a scale of 1 to 10 (very, very easy
to extremely hard).
Physical Fitness:
An overall measure of physical attributes including cardiovascular
endurance, muscular strength and endurance, body composition and
flexibility.
Power:
Quick movement where the body is propelled either upward or outward;
explosive strength; performance of work accomplished per unit of time.
Protein:
A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen arranged
into amino acids linked in a chain, responsible for building and repair
of tissue, hormone production and enzyme function. |
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Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):
Percent or amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and
minerals that should be included in the daily diet. The estimated
amount of all nutrients needed daily to maintain optimal health. These
estimates vary for different conditions, ages and disease processes.
Recovery Heart Rate:
Heart rate taken at the end of exercise after cool-down and stretch.
The amount of time it takes to recover to pre-exercise heart rate is an
indication of cardiovascular health.
Reps: Abbreviation for repetitions. One complete exercise that includes both concentric and eccentric movements.
Resting Heart Rate:
The number of times the heart beats in one minute while the body is at
rest. This is best calculated by measuring your pulse for one minute in
the morning before getting out of bed. Record this number for five
consecutive days and take the average to determine your resting heart
rate. |
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Sets: A group of reps; as in one set of 12 reps.
Shin Splint:
A term that applies to any pain in the front portion of the lower leg.
May be caused by overuse, inflammation of muscles and tendons or small
muscle tears.
Spot Rgraphics/ing:
A popular but false assumption that an individual can "burn" fat only
in desired areas. Fat is not rgraphics/ed selectively from exercised
areas, but rather from total fat stored throughout the body.
Sprain: Often the result of sudden forceful movement, injury that damages ligaments as well as joints.
Static Stretch: Stretching/elongating a muscle and holding a steady point without bouncing for a period of 20 seconds.
Strain:
Muscle pull; a stretch, tear or rip of the muscle or adjacent
connective tissue, such as fascia or muscle tendon. Usually occurs from
an excessive effort.
Strength: Amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert against resistance.
Strength Training: Working the muscles against external resistance to increase muscular strength, muscular endurance or muscular power. |
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